LLB 1st sem Syllabus


Constitutional Law – I

Objectives

The purpose of the course is to acquaint the students with the idea that the Indian Constitution is a normative Constitution with value aspirations. The Indian Constitution envisages establishing a justice system with legal technique. The basic postulates of the Constitution like Constitutional Supremacy, Rule of Law, and Concept of Liberty are emphasized in this paper. Exhaustive analysis of Fundamental Rights and a committed approach to Directive Principles would form the essence of the course.

UNIT – I

Constitution
  • Meaning & Definition of Constitution
  • Kinds of Constitution
  • Constitutionalism
  • Salient Features of the Indian Constitution
Preamble
  • Meaning
  • Scope
  • Importance
  • Objectives
  • Values enshrined in the Preamble
Citizenship
  • Modes of acquisition
  • Termination of citizenship

UNIT – II

State
  • Definition under Article 12
  • New judicial trends on the concept of State Action
  • Need for widening the definition
Definition and Meaning of Law
  • Pre-Constitutional and Post-Constitutional Laws
  • Doctrine of Severability
  • Doctrine of Eclipse
  • Judicial Review
  • Article 13
Equality and Social Justice
  • General Equality Clause under Article 14
  • New Concept of Equality
  • Judicial Interpretation on Equality

UNIT – III

Protective Discrimination and Social Justice
  • Articles 15 and 16
  • New Judicial Trends on Social Justice
  • Constitutional Provisions on Untouchability under Article 17
Right to Freedom
  • Freedom of Speech and Expression
  • Different dimensions:
    • Freedom of Assembly
    • Freedom of Association
    • Freedom of Movement and Residence
    • Freedom of Profession, Occupation, Trade or Business
  • Reasonable Restrictions

UNIT – IV

Rights of the Accused
  • Ex-post facto Law
  • Double Jeopardy
  • Right against Self-Incrimination (Article 20)
  • Rights of the Arrested Person
  • Preventive Detention Laws (Article 22)
  • Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21)
  • Various Facets of Life and Liberty
  • Right against Exploitation
  • Secularism
  • Freedom of Religion
  • Judicial Interpretation
  • Restrictions on Freedom of Religion

UNIT – V

Cultural and Educational Rights of Minorities
  • Recent trends
Right to Constitutional Remedies
  • Article 32 and Article 226
  • Kinds of Writs
Right to Property
  • Position prior to 1978
  • Present position
Directive Principles of State Policy and Fundamental Duties
  • Interrelationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

CONTRACT–I: LAW OF CONTRACT

Objectives

Contracts are at the basis of the majority of transactions, especially transactions dealing with property. Whether the transaction is in the ordinary course of life or in the electronic world (e-commerce), the general principles governing contracts remain the same. For this reason, it is very important to introduce the students to the basic principles governing contracts and lay a powerful foundation for their study of other transactional and related laws in subsequent semesters.

Course Contents

UNIT – I

  • Formation of Contract
  • Agreement and Contract
  • Definitions
  • Classification
  • Offer and Acceptance
  • Communication
  • Revocation
  • Essential Elements
  • Invitation to Offer
  • Tenders
  • Consideration
  • Nudum Pactum
  • Essential Elements of Consideration
  • Privity of Contract and of Consideration
  • Exceptions
  • Unlawful Consideration and its Effect
  • E-Contract

UNIT – II

  • Capacity to Contract
  • Minor’s Agreements and its Effects
  • Agreements of Persons of Unsound Mind and Persons Disqualified by Law
Free Consent
  • Coercion
  • Undue Influence
  • Misrepresentation
  • Fraud
  • Mistake
Other Topics
  • Legality of Object
  • Void Agreements
  • Contingent Contracts

UNIT – III

Modes of Discharge of Contracts
  • Time and Place of Performance
  • Performance of Reciprocal Promises
  • Appropriation of Payments
  • Discharge by Agreement
  • Operation of Law
  • Frustration (Impossibility of Performance)
  • Discharge by Breach (Anticipatory and Actual)

UNIT – IV

Remedies for Breach of Contracts
  • Damages
  • Kinds of Damages
  • Remoteness of Damages
  • Ascertainment of Damages
  • Quasi Contracts

UNIT – V

The Specific Relief Act
  • Sections 9–16
  • Section 21
  • Section 24
  • Sections 36–42
Topics
  • Nature of Specific Relief
  • Recovery of Possession of Movable and Immovable Property
  • Specific Performance (When Granted and When Not Granted)
  • Who May Obtain Relief and Against Whom
  • Discretionary Remedy
  • Power of Court to Grant Relief
  • Rectification of Instruments
  • Cancellation
  • Declaratory Decrees
  • Preventive Relief
  • Temporary Injunctions
  • Perpetual Injunctions
  • Mandatory Injunctions

COURSE – III: LAW OF TORTS

Objectives

This course is designed to study the principles of tortious liability, the defences available in an action for torts, the capacity of parties to sue and be sued, and matters connected therewith. Further, this course is designed to study specific torts against the individual and property. With rapid industrialization, the inadequacy of the law to protect the individual is exposed. An attempt shall be accorded to individuals against mass torts and industrial torts. Keeping in view the expensive character of judicial proceedings, the students should reflect on the alternative forms and also the remedies provided under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

Course Contents

UNIT – I

  • Evolution of the Law of Torts
  • Nature and Scope of the Law of Torts
  • Meaning of Tort
  • Torts Distinguished from:
    • Contract
    • Crime
  • Development of Ubi Jus Ibi Remedium
  • Mental Elements:
    • Intention
    • Motive
    • Malice in Law
    • Malice in Fact

UNIT – II

  • General Defences
  • Vicarious Liability

UNIT – III

  • Negligence
  • Nuisance
  • Absolute Liability
  • Strict Liability
Legal Remedies
  • Awards
  • Remoteness of Damage

UNIT – IV

Torts Against Person
  • Torts Affecting the Body
    • Assault
    • Battery
    • Mayhem
    • False Imprisonment
Torts Affecting Reputation
  • Libel
  • Slander
Torts Affecting Freedom
  • Malicious Prosecution
  • Malicious Civil Action
  • Abuse of Legal Process
Torts Affecting Domestic and Other Rights
  • Marital Rights
  • Parental Rights
  • Rights to Service
  • Contractual Rights
  • Intimidation
  • Conspiracy
Torts Against Property

UNIT – V

Consumer Protection Act, 1986
  • Salient Features
  • Who is a Consumer
  • Defect in Goods
  • Deficiency in Services
  • Medical Services
  • Remedies to Consumers
  • Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies
  • Limitation for Filing Complaints
  • Penalties
Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
  • Salient Features
  • Liability Without Fault in Certain Cases
  • Insurance of Motor Vehicles Against Third-Party Risks
  • Claims Tribunal
  • Offences
  • Penalties
  • Procedure

FAMILY LAW – I (HINDU LAW)

Objectives

The course is designed to endow the students with knowledge of both the codified and uncodified portions of Hindu law. The course concerns itself with the sources, schools, institutions, succession, maintenance, menace of dowry, etc.

Course Contents

UNIT – I

  • The Concept of Dharma
  • Sources of Hindu Law
    • Ancient Sources
    • Modern Sources
  • Importance of Dharma Shastra on Legislation
  • Mitakshara and Dayabhaga Schools of Hindu Law
  • Application of Hindu Law

UNIT – II

  • Marriage and Kinship
  • Evolution of the Institution of Marriage and Family
  • Law Prior to the Hindu Marriage Act
  • A Detailed Study of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
  • Matrimonial Remedies
  • Maintenance and Alimony
  • Customary Practices and Legislative Provisions Relating to Dowry Prohibition

UNIT – III

  • Hindu Undivided Family (HUF)
  • Mitakshara Joint Family
  • Formation and Incidents
  • Property under Both Schools
  • Kartha
    • Position
    • Powers
    • Privileges
    • Obligations
  • Debts
  • Doctrine of Pious Obligation
  • Partition and Reunion
  • Religious and Charitable Endowment

UNIT – IV

Inheritance and Succession
  • Historical Perspective of Traditional Hindu Law Relating to Inheritance
  • Hindu Succession Act, 1956
  • Stridhana
  • Woman’s Property
  • Amendments to the Hindu Succession Act
  • Gifts and Testamentary Succession
  • Wills

UNIT – V

Law Relating to Hindu Minority and Guardianship
  • Kinds of Guardians
  • Duties and Powers of Guardians
Hindu Adoption and Maintenance
  • A Detailed Study of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956
  • Maintenance
  • Traditional Rights and Rights under the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956

BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023

Objectives

The course is designed to enable the students to understand the key concepts of crime and criminal liability, methods of controlling crimes, specific offences under the Indian criminal law, and to keep them abreast of the latest legislative and judicial developments in the field of criminal law.

UNIT – I

General Principles of Crime
  • Conceptions of Crime
  • Distinction between Crime, Morality and Other Wrongs
Principles of Criminal Liability
  • Actus Reus and Mens Rea
  • Other Related Maxims
  • Variations in Liability
  • Mistake
  • Intoxication
  • Compulsion
  • Legally Abnormal Person
  • Possible Parties to the Crime
  • State Obligation to Detect and Punish
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
  • Historical Background
  • Extent and Operation
  • Definitions and General Explanations (Sections 2–39)
  • Trends towards Gender Neutrality
  • Punishments
    • Community Service (Sections 4–13)
    • Commutation
    • Amount of Fine
    • Liability in Default of Payment of Fine
    • Solitary Confinement
  • General Exceptions (Sections 14–44)

UNIT – II

Inchoate Crimes
  • Abetment
  • Abetment of Offence by a Person Outside India (Sections 45–60)
  • Criminal Conspiracy (Section 61)
  • Attempt (Section 62)
Offences Against Women
  • Rape and Other Sexual Offences
  • Sexual Intercourse by Employing Deceitful Means (Sections 63–73)
  • Criminal Force and Assault Against Women (Sections 74–79)
  • Offences Relating to Marriage
  • Dowry Death (Section 80)
  • Bigamy (Section 82)
  • Cruelty (Sections 85 & 86)
  • Kidnapping (Section 87)
Offences Against Children
  • Sections 91–97

UNIT – III

Offences Against the Human Body

Offences Affecting Life
  • Culpable Homicide
  • Mob Lynching (Sections 100, 102, 103, 105, 110)
  • Murder
  • Hit and Run Cases
  • Causing Death by Rash or Negligent Act (Sections 101, 104, 106, 109)
  • Suicide (Section 107–108)
Offences Affecting the Human Body
  • Organized Crimes (Sections 111–112)
  • Terrorist Acts (Section 113)
  • Hurt
  • Grievous Hurt Resulting in Vegetative State or Permanent Disability (Sections 114–125)
  • Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful Confinement (Sections 126–127)
  • Criminal Force and Assault (Sections 128–136)
  • Kidnapping, Including Kidnapping for Beggary
  • Abduction
  • Slavery and Forced Labour (Sections 137–146)

UNIT – IV

Offences Against the State
  • Waging or Attempting to Wage War Against the Government of India
  • Acts Endangering Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India (Sections 147–158)
  • Offences Relating to Elections
  • Coin
  • Currency Notes, etc. (Sections 168–188)
Offences Against Public Tranquillity
  • Unlawful Assembly
  • Rioting
  • Affray
  • Promoting Enmity Between Groups on the Grounds of Religion, etc.
  • Imputations, Assertions Prejudicial to National Integration (Sections 189–190)
Offences Against Public Justice
  • False/Fabricating Evidence
  • Destruction of Evidence
  • Harbouring of Offender (Sections 227–238)
Other Offences
  • Public Nuisance (Sections 270–273)
  • Mischief and Criminal Trespass (Sections 324–334)
  • Forgery
  • Offences Relating to Property Marks (Sections 335–344)

UNIT – V

Offences Against Property
  • Theft
  • Snatching (Sections 303–307)
  • Extortion (Section 308)
  • Robbery (Section 309 & Sections 313–312)
  • Criminal Misappropriation of Property (Sections 314–315)
  • Criminal Breach of Trust (Section 316)
  • Receiving Stolen Property (Section 317)
  • Cheating (Sections 318–319)
  • Defamation
  • Criminal Intimidation
  • Insult
  • Annoyance, etc. (Sections 351–356)